请问HN：在云计算中，CPU密集型计算的成本是如何变化的？
假设我是一位富有的数学家（这听起来不错），我想赞助一些计算，这些计算需要进行某个巨大的数字 N 的浮点或整数运算，并且可以在云端轻松并行化。我的程序员们已经提出了一个相对高效的实现方案，并通过一些小规模的测试进行了基准测试。输入/输出和存储成本较低，主要的成本将是纯计算费用。
现在我准备拿出支票本。
在当今的云计算市场中，哪些因素会影响这种计算的成本？
价格如何随着 N 的变化和我希望完成问题的速度而变化？（例如，如果需要 1000 个 AWS 实例运行 10 个月，或者 10,000 个 AWS 实例运行 1 个月，我的费用会一样吗？我假设运行时间少于一年，因此不会长到在计算过程中成本显著降低。）
是否有灵活性方面的因素可以降低价格？（例如：云服务器可以在短期内随时暂停我的计算或限制 CPU，只要我计算的平均运行速率在任何给定的日子里超过 80% 的全速。）
Lenstra 使用“美元天”（dollardays）这个术语来描述破解加密密钥的成本，认为这与计算设备的资本成本成比例（4000万美元天 = 价值100万美元的计算机运行40天，或价值4000万美元的计算机运行1天），但在云计算中，这似乎更像是按件计费的定价结构。
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Let's say that I'm a rich mathematician (that would be nice) and want to sponsor some computation that takes a certain gargantuan number N of floating or integer operations, and it can be parallelized easily in the cloud, and my programmers have come up with a reasonably efficient implementation, which I benchmark with some smaller-scale tests. The I/O and storage costs are low; the bulk of the cost is going to be pure computation.<p>Now I'm ready to get out my checkbook.<p>What factors influence the cost of such a computation in today's cloud computing market?<p>How does the price scale with N and the rate at which I want to complete the problem? (for example, if it takes 1000 AWS instances 10 months or 10,000 AWS instances 1 month, am I going to pay the same? I'm assuming the length of time to run this is less than a year, so not long enough that the cost would decrease significantly during the computation.)<p>Are there aspects of flexibility that would decrease the price? (example: the cloud servers can put my computation on hold or throttle the CPU anytime they want in the short term, as long as the average rate my computation is running in any given day is, say, more than 80% of full-speed)<p>Lenstra used the term "dollardays" to describe the cost of breaking cryptographic keys as something that scales with the capital cost of the computing equipment (40 million dollardays = 40 days on $1 million worth of computers, or 1 day on $40 million worth of computers) but with cloud computing it seems more like it would be a piecework pricing structure.